In areas where the climate is extremely hot and water supply through natural resources are not easily obtained, groundwater plays a major role in the lives of the people there. Even though gallons of groundwater may be found flowing underneath, it is very difficult to obtain them. In this regard, centrifugal pumps play act as the savior by helping the people pump that potable water from massive debts to earth and allow the people to maintain their habitat in those arid regions. Pumps vary in certain aspects and different kinds of pumps are used in different areas. These attributes include speed of the water flow, design of the pump, rate of discharge of water and efficiency of the pump (Input to output ratio). Industrial Pump manufacturers constantly try to improve their pump designs to increase the efficiency of their pumps based on these attributes. With the help of constantly developing computer technologies along with sophisticated equipment with the help of precise data due to modern technologies, centrifugal pumps are constantly being upgraded.
The Operation
Due to topographical differences of areas, gravity cannot be relied on effectively. Pumps have a suction mechanism with helps the water fill up the space left in the tubes and hence are obtained through their respected channels or outlets. Pumps turn mechanical energy to create inverse pressure and transfer the water from a lower level to a higher level. Based on the type of fluid used and their purpose, these pumps are classified as centrifugal, pneumatic, jet, reciprocating and rotor types. Pumps have an impeller and centrifugal action and these can be seen in various types of commonly used pumps such as radial, axial, involving pumps.
From the central portion of the pump, fluid enters the impeller and spreads around the circumference of the pump’s casing. When the pump starts to rotate, there is a transfer of energy to the fluid and its starts to make a spiral movement in the provided direction. This happens due to increase in the pressure and absolute velocity of the fluid. The kinetic energy obtained by the fluid lets to turn to a pressure head which directs it in the direction required.
The power input received by the pump is given by:
P = ρ * g * Q * H
Power = Density * acceleration due to gravity * volumetric flow rate * total head.
H (head) is energy per unit weight.
Multiple pumps can be placed in series or in parallel designs so that the head and the discharged can be increased.
Industrial pumps can be used to pump fluid to enormous heights. The main factors which decide the discharge or by a pump are the pump’s efficiency and the fluid’s density. Greater the fluid, lesser the discharge. Industrial pump manufacturers also make and model various different types’ pumps which may have the same objective but work for different terrains, heights or type of fluid to be pumped. These pumps have substituted several hours of manual labor and have helped everyone in the industrial as well as the agricultural sectors of the country.
